Printable reference · V0.6

Fits & Thermal Effects Reference

A compact reference for clearance, transition and interference fits and differential thermal expansion.

Fits & Thermal Effects Reference

ConditionLimit logicTypical intent
Clearance fitMinimum hole remains larger than maximum shaftSliding, rotation, assembly without press
Transition fitTolerances can create either small clearance or small interferenceAccurate location with variable assembly feel
Interference fitMaximum hole remains smaller than minimum shaftRetention / torque transfer by elastic contact

Thermal reminder

D₁ = D₀ × (1 + α × ΔT)

Different materials can change a fit significantly with temperature. Check the hole and shaft separately using appropriate coefficients and operating temperatures.

Review prompts

  • Is the fit defined at manufacturing temperature or operating temperature?
  • Do surface finish and form error consume meaningful clearance?
  • Can assembly force or contact pressure damage either component?
  • Will repeated assembly cause wear/fretting?
  • Do plating/coating thicknesses alter effective limits?
  • Are polymer creep or moisture effects relevant?

DIVE-LD Engineering Learning · Educational reference only. Confirm project-specific requirements, governing standards and supplier capability before release.